Your Knee Pain

Knee pain is a common symptom experienced by people of all ages. It can be caused by a traumatic event, or by normal wear and tear that can become worse over time.⁶

What is OA?

OA stands for Osteoarthritis. It is the most common type of arthritis in the knee.^7,8 OA tends to progress over time where the health of the joint deteriorates, making you sore, stiff and negatively affecting your movement.^8,9

In a normal joint, cartilage provides cushioning between the bones.¹⁰ Osteoarthritis is a process of changes in the joint, where the cartilage can become thinner and frayed – this is often called ‘wear and tear’. There will also be some level of inflammation in the joint which contributes to the wear, making your knee painful and influencing progression of the OA to a worse state.¹¹

What Causes Osteoarthritis?

Wear & Tear

The term ‘wear and tear’ is often used hand-in-hand with osteoarthritis.⁶ It describes the damage to the joint cartilage which can progress and worsen over time with more activity and higher impact activities. Did you know that the wear and tear also occurs because of inflammation?^7-9 An imbalance of high numbers of ‘bad’ proteins in the joint keeps the inflammatory process going, contributing to pain and wear.¹¹

A Traumatic Event

Sometimes knee osteoarthritis starts as a result of a traumatic event. Damage to the joint during an accident can initiate or bring on OA some time after the event.⁶ Damage to the surrounding bone or soft-tissues can affect the joint indirectly by causing different pressure or strain on the joint and joint tissues, which might in turn cause OA.^8,9

70% improvement in knee pain following a single treatment.^1,2*

What are the Symptoms of OA?

Click the tab below to reveal symptoms

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

Symptoms are generally mild and may include pain that comes and goes.
Cartilage begins to wear down.^12,13

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

The cartilage begins breaking down
causing the occurrence of osteophytes (bone spurs) and more frequent pain.

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

You may have more pain and difficulty in movement. Joint fluid may lose its ability to lubricate and cushion affected joints.⁶

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

You may experience significant pain. Areas of cartilage may totally wear away, causing bones to rub against each other.^6,7

Click on the stage below

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

Symptoms are generally mild and may include pain that comes and goes.
Cartilage begins to wear down.^12,13

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Click on the stage below

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

Symptoms are generally mild and may include pain that comes and goes.
Cartilage begins to wear down.^12,13

Pain Relief

There are many different treatment options to ease your pain.

1.

Kon E. et al. (2018): Two-year clinical outcomes of an Autologous Protein Solution injection for knee osteoarthritis. ICRS 14th World Congress.

2.

A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo [Saline]-Controlled Pilot Study of a Single, Intra-Articular Injection of Autologous Protein Solution in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Clinical Investigation Report – 36 Month, APSS-33-00, Version 1.0. 14. January 2019.† † As measured by WOMAC pain scores reported by patients continuing follow-up through 3 years (n = 19). 19 out of the original cohort of 31.

3.

van der Weegen W, van Drumpt R, Toler KO, Macenski MM. (2015): Safety and outcomes following a single Autologous Protein Solution injection for knee osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study. International Cartilage Repair Society, #6471, 8-11 May, Chicago, IL.

4.

Matuska A, O’Shaughnessey K, King, W., Woodell-May J. (2013): Autologous solution protects bovine cartilage explants from IL-1. and TNF.-induced cartilage degradation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 31(12):1929-35.

5.

O’Shaughnessey K, Matuska A, Hoeppner J, et al. (2014): Autologous protein solution prepared from the blood of osteoarthritic patients contains an enhanced profile of anti-inflammatory cytokines and anabolic growth factors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 32(10):1349-1355.

6.

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopaedia. U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003187.htm.

7.

Nordqvist C. (2014): What Is Arthritis? What Causes Arthritis? Medical News Today. MediLexicon International. n.d. Web. 7 Aug. 2014. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7621.php

8.

Osteoarthritis in General Practice: Data and Perspectives. Arthritis Research UK. 19 July 2013. n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2015. http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/ policy-and-public-affairs/reports- and-resources/reports.aspx

9.

Arthritis of the Knee-OrthoInfo – AAOS. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2014. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00212

10.

Research Joint Replacement / Knee Pain Knee Pain Overview. Knee Pain Overview: Knee Surgery, Partial/Total Knee Joint Replacements. Biomet, n.d. Web. 11 Aug. 2014. http://www.biomet.com/patients/knee_overview.cfm

11.

Goldring MB. (2000): The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43(9):1916-1926.

12.

Krueger, P. (2009): Stages of Osteoarthritis: EHow. Demand Media. n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.

13.

Stages of Osteoarthritis: What Everyone Should Know About the Three Stages. Health Guide Info. 24 March 2011. n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.

14.

Bertone AL, Ishihara A, Zekas LJ, et al. (2014): Evaluation of a single intra-articular injection of Autologous Protein Solution for treatment of osteoarthritis in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 75(2):141-151.

15.

Woodell-May J, Matuska A, Oyster M, et al. (2011): Autologous protein solution inhibits MMP-13 production by IL-1beta and TNF alpha-stimulated human articular chondrocytes. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 29 (9):1320-6.

16.

King W, van der Weegen W, Van Drumpt R, Soons H, Toler K, Woodell-May J. (2016): White blood cell concentration correlates with increased concentration of IL-1ra and improvement in WOMAC pain scores in an open-label safety study of autologous protein solution. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. 3:9.

17.

Public Health Agency of Canada. Osteoarthritis in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac- aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases- conditions/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis-factsheet.pdf

18.

Statistics Canada. Prevalence of osteoarthritis, by age group and site of joint pain, household population aged 20 or older diagnosed with arthritis, Canada excluding territories, 2009. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003- x/2014009/article/14087/tbl/tbl1-eng.htm

19.

Canadian Institute of Health Information. Annual Report 2019. https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/cjrr-annual-report-2019- en-web_0.pdf

^ Laboratory studies are not necessarily indicative of clinical outcomes
* As measured by WOMAC pain scores reported by patients continuing follow-up through 3 years (n = 19).
19 out of the original cohort of 31.

Your Knee Pain

What is OA?

What Causes Osteoarthritis?

Wear & Tear

A Traumatic Event

70% improvement in knee pain following a single treatment.1,2*

What are the Symptoms of OA?

Click the tab below to reveal symptoms

STAGE 04: Severe OA

STAGE 03: Moderate OA

STAGE 02: Mild OA

STAGE 01: Onset OA

STAGE 01: Onset OA

STAGE 02: Mild OA

STAGE 03: Moderate OA

STAGE 04: Severe OA

Click on the stage below

STAGE 01: Onset OA

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STAGE 04:

STAGE 03:

STAGE 02:

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STAGE 04:

STAGE 03:

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STAGE 01:

Click on the stage below

STAGE 01: Onset OA

Pain Relief

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70% improvement in knee pain following a single treatment.^1,2*

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 02:
Mild OA

STAGE 03:
Moderate OA

STAGE 04:
Severe OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA

STAGE 01:
Onset OA